基于分形理论的东南亚旅华客流空间结构演变研究

本文以1999～2010年东南亚旅华游客人次统计为样本，运用分形理论研究了东南亚旅华客流空间结构的演变及其影响因素。结果表明：东南亚旅华客流空间结构分布具有分形特征，1999～2010年间各年无标度区范围呈逐步扩大趋势，分形结构产生由局部分形→单分形→局部分形→双分形的发展变化。危机事件、旅游资源禀赋差异和区位因素是东南亚旅华客流空间结构演变的主要影响因素。     

甜菜碱对感染巨型艾美球虫雏鸡生理生化参数的影响

对雏鸡接种巨型艾美球虫前１ｄ,在饲料中分别添加甜菜碱和马杜拉霉素,感染后第５,８,１１和１４ｄ测定鸡血液的有关生理和生化指标。结果表明,雏鸡白细胞、红细胞和血红蛋白的变化对该球虫非常敏感,这些指标可作为评估球虫感染状况的监测指标;并认为感染雏鸡电解质平衡紊乱是导致其死亡的主要原因之一;同时表明甜菜碱的抗球虫作用明显,对机体的电解质紊乱有改善作用,马杜拉霉素在控制球虫感染时对改善机体电解质紊乱的作用很小。     

Y- STRs and forensic parameters in African populations

Short Tandem Repeat polymorphisms have been widely studied in the world, since specific databases are required to produce correct estimates of forensic statistical parameters. In this regard, Y-chromosome STRs have been studied mainly in Europe but are relatively scarce for sub-Saharan populations, despite these populations are represented in most of the Western countries. The aim of this work is to detect groups of populations with the lowest genetic variability within the African context. This allows to establish the relative homogeneity of Y-STRs databases for forensic casework and eventually to provide a wider insight into the African genetic history.     

The dynamic character of disguise behavior for text-based, mixed, and stylized signatures

The aims of this study were to determine if dynamic parameters (duration, size, velocity, jerk, and pen pressure) differed for signing style (text-based, stylized, and mixed) and if signing style influences handwriting dynamics equally across three signature conditions (genuine, disguised, and auto-simulation). Ninety writers provided 10 genuine signatures, five disguised signatures, and five auto-simulated signatures. All 1800 signatures were collected using a digitizing tablet resulting in a database of each signature's dynamic characteristics. With genuine signatures, there were significant differences between styles for size, velocity, and pen pressure, and there were significant differences between genuine signatures and at least one of the un-natural signature conditions for all parameters. For velocity and size, these changes with condition were dependent on style. Changes with condition for the other parameters were similar for the three styles. This study shows that there are differences among natural signature styles and disguise behaviors that may be relevant in forensic signature examinations.     

胸膜肺炎放线杆菌感染对猪血液生化指标的影响

将24头健康DLY仔猪按性别、体重随机分为2组,采用鼻腔喷雾法分别接种生理盐水(对照组)和含3.8×107 CFU/mL胸膜肺炎放线杆菌(APP)的稀释液(试验组),研究了APP感染对猪血液生化指标的影响。血液生化指标由Airone-200RA全自动生化分析仪检测。结果显示,与对照组猪相比,试验组猪血清中TP含量略有升高(P>0.05),GLB含量极显著升高(P<0.01),ALB含量、A/G值极显著下降(P<0.01);ALT、AST活性升高,其中AST活性升高极显著(P<0.01),而LT/ST值下降显著(P<0.05);IBIL、TBIL浓度及IB/DB值极显著升高(P<0.01),DBIL浓度略有下降(P>0.05);BUN、CRE浓度均略有升高(P>0.05);GLU浓度、AKP活性极显著下降(P<0.01),Ca浓度及Ca/P值极显著下降(P<0.01),P浓度显著升高(P<0.05)。结果表明,胸膜肺炎放线杆菌感染引起了猪严重的肝功能代谢障碍,血糖和血钙显著下降,肾排泄负荷增加。     

腐败行为何以能够产生——来自行为经济学研究的解释

为探究个体做出腐败行为的行为经济学原因,以受贿行为为例,设定了若干组收益-损失决策问题作为实验材料,以成年人为被试进行施测并观察其决策倾向。实验结果表明:与收益参数和损失参数都确定的情况相比,当收益参数确定,同时损失时间和概率不确定时,个体会更倾向于选择冒险性方案;与过去的受贿决策中遭受过损失的个体相比,在过去的受贿决策中没有遭受过损失的个体,更有可能在当前的决策情境中选择冒险性方案。因此,为有效遏制个体腐败行为,一是让个体明确意识到一旦受贿将遭受惩罚的程度、时间和概率三者的确定性。二是要加大受贿惩罚力度,让个体在面临受贿情境时作出正确的决策。     

Latent Fingermark Aging Patterns (Part I): Minutiae Count as One Indicator of Degradation

The authors are exploring degradation patterns of latent fingermarks over time which can be quantitatively determined in a predictable manner by visual means. Several physical degradation parameters for assessing this hypothesis are evaluated. This article analyzes the parameter “minutiae count” as a function of time. Experiment variables included were secretion type (sebaceous‐rich and eccrine‐rich), substrate (glass and plastic), and exposure to light (dark, shade, and direct light). Depositions were sequentially visualized with Titanium Dioxide powder over a period of 6 months, photographed, and number of minutiae recorded. Results revealed a significant decrease of minutiae for eccrine‐rich marks on glass but insignificant for sebaceous‐rich marks on the same surface. However, significant degradation was observed for both types of secretions on plastic. The authors conclude that the distinctive prevalence of minutiae changes over time indicates with a high degree of certainty the hypothesis is valid and deserves additional exploration.     

Analysis of the Effects and Relationship of Perceived Handwritten Signature's Size,Graphical Complexity,and Legibility with Dynamic Parameters for Forged and Genuine Samples

This article presents an analysis of handwritten signature dynamics belonging to two authentication groups, namely genuine and forged signature samples. Genuine signatures are initially classified based on their relative size, graphical complexity, and legibility as perceived by human examiners. A pool of dynamic features is then extracted for each signature sample in the two groups. A two‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) is carried out to investigate the effects and the relationship between the perceived classifications and the authentication groups. Homogeneity of variance was ensured through Bartlett's test prior to ANOVA testing. The results demonstrated that among all the investigated dynamic features, pen pressure is the most distinctive which is significantly different for the two authentication groups as well as for the different perceived classifications. In addition, all the relationships investigated, namely authenticity group versus size, graphical complexity, and legibility, were found to be positive for pen pressure.     

Ink dating,part I: Statistical distribution of selected ageing parameters in a ballpoint inks reference population

The development of ink dating methods requires an important amount of work in order to be reliably applicable in practice. Major tasks include the definition of ageing parameters to monitor ink ageing. An adequate parameter should ideally fulfil the following criteria: it should evolve as a function of time in a monotonic way, be measurable in a majority of ink entries, be as accurate and reproducible as possible, and finally it should not be influenced too much by transfer and storage conditions. This work aimed at evaluating the potential of seven ageing parameters for ink dating purposes: the phenoxyethanol quantity, relative peak areas (RPA), three solvent loss ratios (R%, R%*, NR%) and two solvent loss parameters (R_NORM, NR_NORM). These were calculated over approximately one year for 25 inks selected from a large database to represent different ageing behaviours. Ink entries were analysed using liquid extraction followed by GC/MS analysis. Results showed that natural ageing parameters (NR% and NR_NORM) were not suitable ageing parameters for ink entries older than a few weeks. RPA used other compounds present in ink formulations in combination to PE in order to normalise the results. However, it presented particular difficulties as they could not be defined for all inks and were thus applicable only for 64% of the studied inks. Finally, the PE quantity, R% and R_NORM allowed to follow the ageing of the selected inks over the whole time frame and were identified as the most promising. These were thus selected to test three different interpretation models in the second part of this article. The possibilities and limitations of ink dating methods will be discussed in a legal perspective.     

Statistical analysis tools of mixture DNA samples: When the same software provides different results

The high complexity of the genetic analysis of crime scene samples is mainly related to the unknown number of contributors, low DNA quantity and quality, and associated stochastic effects. The difficulty and subjectivity of interpreting casework samples was the motto for the development of software to mitigate these conditions and allow the quantification of the genetic evidence. Currently, there are several tools for statistical analysis of mixture samples based on either qualitative or quantitative models. The first considers the electropherograms’ qualitative information, while the latter also considers the associated quantitative information. This work’s main goal was to evaluate the effect that parameters’ settings variation may have on the LR computation, specifically the drop-in frequency parameter. For that, a qualitative – LRmix Studio – and two quantitative software – STRmix™ and EuroForMix – were considered and an intra-software analysis was performed, using as input real casework samples. The drop-in frequency variation showed an impact, leading to differences higher than four units (log₁₀ scale) for some pairs of samples. In addition, for some cases, no comparisons were performed either because the tool computed a null LR value or displayed an error message. Thus, this work reinforces the importance of proper parameters’ modeling and estimation in forensic casework evaluation.